[orig published 2017-10-17--0017hest]
Major Social Transformation Is a Lot Closer Than You May Realize -- How Do We Finish the Job?
thx to David C. for sharing this on the cusp of the New Year, Dec 30 06:58PM -0500 (this was from a few years ago now, and I'm reposting this old post from another blog since it perennially returns that activists and oppressed peoples feel despair and hopelessness and need to be reminded of changes happening on a bigger, slower scale that is sometimes almost too hard to see...)
Also see:
http://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/moyermap.html
and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_Action_Plan
Apparently Bill Moyers developed the movement action plan, because he saw too many people and movements starting to give up when they were making real progress but they had felt that they had failed, so he thought this map might help some people.
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Not just for Amerikans, eh?
Major Social Transformation Is a Lot Closer Than You May Realize -- How Do We Finish the Job?
It starts with winning over the hearts and minds of the American people.
The current social movement that exploded onto the national scene with
the 2011 Occupy Movement is following the path of successful movements
so far. The social change movement in 2014 is poised to begin an
exciting era of broadening and deepening the growing consensus for
social and economic justice.
The current social movement that exploded onto the national scene with
the 2011 Occupy Movement is following the path of successful movements
so far. The social change movement in 2014 is poised to begin an
exciting era of broadening and deepening the growing consensus for
social and economic justice.
This week, our article for the end of 2013 focuses on where we are, i.e.
at what stage of the progression of social movements do we find
ourselves; and broadly outlines the next steps. Next week, our article
for the new year will look more specifically at the tasks ahead for the
movement in 2014 and beyond.
Successful people-powered movements follow a similar arc of development. The best description comes from
BillMoyer’s
The Movement Action Plan: A Strategic Framework Describing The Eight
Stages of Successful Social Movements. We believe this is essential
reading for activists and include a link to it on the strategy page on
Popular Resistance.
Moyer expanded this 1987 article into, Doing Democracy, a book published in 2001, a year before he died. You can see a video of
BillMoyer’s
last public presentation where he summarized the insights of his
lifetime about how social movements grow and succeed, and about his
vision of a new culture emerging through the cracks of a declining
empire.
Moyer’s work is heartening for social justice
activists because it shows how movements grow, recede and change their
functions at different stages. By understanding the current stage of
development we can better define the work that must be done to achieve
success and predict how the power structure and public will react to our
actions.
Moyer worked with Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr. at the Southern Christian Leadership Conference on poverty
campaigns. He also worked on a variety of causes over his nearly 50 year
career in social movements. In a recent conversation, Ken Butigan, a
peace and justice activist who worked with
Moyer, told us that
Moyer
wrote the first draft of the Eight Stages of Successful Social
Movements when he was jailed with more than 1,400 people protesting the
Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant in 1977. Butigan explained that one reason
Moyer wrote the Eight Stages was so people
involved in movements would not despair when the movement did not
immediately succeed and
seemed to disappear without success. These are expected stages of
development. Just as we would not expect a 4th grader to be doing
calculus, we cannot expect a social movement to jump from Stage 2 to the
success of Stage 7. Each step in the process serves an important role.
This Historic Moment—Using the Movement Action Plan as a guide, we see
that we are closer to success than one might think. The Occupy Movement
was Stage Four of Eight.
Moyer describes it:
“New social movements surprise and shock everyone when they burst into
the public spotlight on the evening TV news and in newspaper headlines.
Overnight, a previously unrecognized social problem becomes a social
issue that everyone is talking about. It starts with a highly
publicized, shocking incident, a ‘trigger event’, followed by a
nonviolent action campaign that includes large rallies and dramatic
civil disobedience. Soon these are repeated in local communities around
the country.”
Stage 4 is the “Social Movement Take-Off.” During Occupy, it seemed that
suddenly the unfair wealth divide, the corruption of Wall Street and
the dysfunction of government came into people’s consciousness. These
issues were discussed in the media and politicians started using
language to show they understood there was a problem. Prior to this,
these issues were largely ignored taboo topics that were not on the
political radar.
In Stage 4, there are three concepts about which the public must be
convinced. The first was accomplished during Occupy, that is: there is a
problem that must be confronted. We also began to accomplish the second
concept: current conditions and policies must be opposed. During later
stages this second goal will be broadened and expanded. The final
concept – and this is still ahead of us– is that people no longer fear
the alternatives but want the alternatives put in place.
Throughout this process, the movement shows itself to be consistent with
the best ideals of the nation, e.g. democracy, equality, justice and
fairness; while the movement shows the power structure is out of step
with these ideals. The movement exposes the differences between
‘official policies,’ what the government says that it is doing, and
‘actual policies,’ what the policies actually accomplish, which is the
opposite of what they claim to accomplish.
Stage 5 is a state of “Identity Crisis and Powerlessness.” Participants
feel like they failed and commentators say that the movement is dead and
accomplished nothing. Some of the people involved in the Take-Off get
burned out and suffer despair and hopelessness. In fact, this is as
natural as the receding of a wave and
Moyer
points out: “The perception of failure happens just when the movement is
outrageously successful” because it raised the consciousness and
national awareness of a serious problem that was previously ignored.
Moyer quotes the I Ching, “Book of Changes,” an
ancient Chinese text which dates back to the 3rd or 2nd millennium BCE,
for guidance. The I Ching describes “Retreat” as a time of “an inner
conflict based upon the misalignment of your ideals and reality,” i.e.
the unrealistic expectation that long-term goals can be achieved
immediately. This is a “time to retreat and take a longer look to be
able to advance later.” We know many in Occupy who did just that before
moving on to Stage 6, where we are now.
During the stage of Identity Crisis or Retreat, activists who step back
may realize we actually created a massive grassroots-based social
movement, put our issues on the agenda and gained majority support for
many of our views. In addition, people began to learn of the enormity
of the problem, agonize over the suffering of the victims of the unfair
and corrupt economy and realize the complicity of people in power that
they trusted.
The essential lesson of Stage 5 is that resistance from the power
structure is a normal stage of the process. When we step back and look
at the course of history, within the overall framework of change, the
movement is on the path to success. We need to understand “what the
powerholders already know – that political and societal power ultimately
lies with the people.”
Often simultaneous with this feeling of powerlessness is Stage 6,
“Majority Public Support,” which is where we are right now. During the
current phase, the movement seeks to create broad and deep consensus
over the issues that have been raised in the “Take-Off.” Our job is to
win over the hearts and minds of the American people.
“The movement must consciously undergo a transformation from spontaneous
protest, operating in a short-term crisis, to a long-term popular
struggle to achieve positive social change. It needs to win over . . .
an increasingly larger majority of the populace and involve many of them
in the process of opposition and change. . . The majority stage is a
long process of eroding the social, political, and economic supports
that enable the powerholders to continue their policies. It is a slow
process of social transformation that creates a new social and political
consensus, reversing those of normal times.”
During this phase, the movement must transform from a “loose”
organizational model to an “empowerment” model. This requires more
structure but in order to be effective and create lasting change, it
must follow the principles of being “participatory democratic,
efficient, flexible, and capable of lasting over the long haul.” The
movement must avoid becoming a “professional opposition organization”
(i.e. avoid becoming part of the system or a member of the non-profit,
professional complex). The movement must avoid becoming a mainstream
group working for “achievable” reforms, focusing on elections and
partisanship; instead they must remain “principled dissent groups”
advocating for what is right, not what is possible, continuing to
protest and resist and be based in the grassroots. Leaders must be
“nurturing mothers, not dominant patriarchs.”
The focus at this stage should be grass roots organizing to build a
broad-based pluralistic movement. The primary goals are educating,
converting, and involving all segments of the population through a
variety of means but most importantly through direct contacts at the
local level to show people how the big social injustices of our era –
the unfair and corrupt economy as well as the dysfunctional and corrupt
government – affect them directly. It is important during this phase
for the movement to continue to have nonviolent actions, rallies, and
campaigns, including civil disobedience at key points of time and key
locations – even though the size of protests will be smaller than during
the “Take-Off” phase.
In addition to protest, opportunities need to be created for widespread
civic involvement in projects that put the people at odds with the
current system. These citizen involvement programs need to reflect the
movement’s values and goals and the full range of the new world the
movement wants to create. The movement should be putting forth a bold
vision, a new paradigm, and larger demands beyond mere reforms of the
status quo.
Moyers describes a grand strategy that includes
12 phases that lead to Stage 7, “Success.” Throughout this process it
is important to remember a movement is only as powerful as its
grassroots base and therefore must continue to nourish, support and
empower that base. During this phase the movement participants switch
roles from being “rebels” to being “change agents.” The 12 phases are to
(1) Keep the issues on the political and social agenda;
(2) Win majority support against current policies;
(3) Cause powerholders to change strategy although they do not solve problems;
(4) Counter each change in strategy by showing it is a gimmick, not a solution;
(5) Push powerholders to new strategies that take riskier positions and make it harder to hold old positions;
(6) Create strategic campaigns that erode support for the powerholders;
(7) Expand policy goals as the movement realizes the problems are greater than was evident;
(8) Develop stronger and deeper opposition to current policies;
(9) Promote solutions and a paradigm shift;
(10) Win majority support for the movement’s solutions;
(11) Put the issues on the political and legal agendas;
(12) Finally, the powerholders change positions to appear to get in line
with public opinion while attacking the movement and its solutions
(e.g. passing a Wall Street health law that claims to cover everyone
while demonizing single payer health care which would be universal as
too extreme).
Opposition to current policies will quickly grow to 60%, then rise to
70% or 75%. Support for the movement’s alternatives will grow more
slowly during this time, with the public split on the alternatives. The
movement must build public support for the alternatives to achieve
success.
At this point, even though everyone wants the issue resolved, the
government is still unable to take action. As a movement reaches the end
of Stage 6, many powerholders begin to join the calls for change. As
elites defect to support majority opinion, the political price paid by
those who want to maintain unpopular policies exceeds their benefits and
creates a political crisis that leads to resolution.
This leads to Stage 7: “Success.” The duration of Stage 6 is unpredictable and can take years. Success can come in several ways
(1) a “dramatic showdown that resembles the ‘take off stage.’” There
could be a trigger and the movement needs to mobilize with broad popular
support.
(2) A “quiet showdown” where the people in power realize they can no
longer continue the status quo and launch a face saving endgame of
“victorious retreat,” changing their policies and taking credit.
(3) Through “attrition” where the social, economic and political
machinery slowly evolve to new polices and conditions. The result is
not guaranteed when this process begins and the movement must continue
the struggle until the goals are won. Stage 8 defends the success and
begins the social movement again, focusing on the new injustices of that
era.
Applying the Model to the Current Social Movement
In recent years there has been a global awakening of people
understanding that big finance capitalism’s neo-liberal model of
privatization and corporatization while defunding public programs and
cutting necessary services to people is the cause of economic inequality
and the failed economy. At the same time, the collapsing ecology of the
planet with mass extinctions, destruction of the oceans and environment
as well as the impacts of climate change have become evident to super
majorities. The inability of governments to respond appropriately to
these crises because they are corrupted by mega-banks and transnational
corporate interests has led to mass protests.
A September study of protests from 2006 to mid-2013 found a rapid rise:
“Our analysis of 843 protest events reflects a steady increase in the
overall number of protests every year, from 2006 (59 protests) to
mid-2013 (112 protests events in only half a year).” They found that
what is driving protests are four inter-related issues: economic justice
and opposition to austerity, failure of political systems, the
injustice of global trade rigged for big business, and the rights of
people, e.g. indigenous, racial and ethnic groups, workers, women, LGBT,
immigrants and prisoners and the right to free speech and assembly.
Another study that mapped protests from 1979 to the summer of 2013
graphically shows the intense increase in protests in recent years.
While there were protests against Thatcherism and during the break-up of
the Soviet Union as well as against the Iraq War, no period like the
last few years has had the intensity and breadth of protests at any time
in the last 30 years. It is visually evident in a dramatic,
interactive map of protests based on reports in the media (which we know
does not even cover most protests).
This research, and so much more, indicates that the global protests have
passed Stage 4, the Take-Off phase. In our daily reporting of movement
news (sign up for a daily digest of news here) we have identified ten
“fronts of struggle” in which sub-movements are very active. These
include
(1) mobilizing youth and students and making education a human right,
(2) confronting environmental issues around climate change, extreme energy extraction, toxicity,food and mass extinction,
(3) creating a national healthcare system based on single payer financing and human rights principles,
(4) ending homelessness and creating affordable housing,
(5) ending poverty and creating a newdemocratic economy including
confronting the banking and finance system and unfair wages and
inadequate employment,
(6) ending mass incarceration, police abuse and the drug war,
(7) establishing immigrant rights,